হাওড় অঞ্চলের মানুষের জীবিকায়নঃ সমস্যা ও সম্ভাবনা (The livelihood of people in haor region: Problems and probabilities)

Tanguar Haor, tiplolasker.blogshot.com

f~wgKv

evsjv‡`‡ki DËi c~e©v‡j wm‡jU wefv‡Mi cÖwZwU †Rjv¸‡jvB nvIivÂj Øviv cwi‡ewóZ| Rxe‰ewP‡Î¨ cwic~b© G A‡ji gvby‡li RxweKvqb g~jZ nvIi wfwËK| GLv‡b eQ‡ii AwaKvsk mgq Rjvf~wg I evKx mg‡q ïK‡bv †gŠmyg _v‡K| RxweKvq‡bi (K…wl I grm¨) aib †gŠmy‡gi mv‡_ cwiewZ©Z nq| nvIi GjvKvi Rxeb-RxweKv, K…wl, Dbœqb D‡`¨vM, AvKw¯§K eb¨v, b`xi MwZc‡_i cwieZ©b, Zvi cwi‡ek I cÖwZ‡e‡ki Dci cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i| nvIiv‡ji f~wgi gvwjKvbv (Rjvf~wgmn) GKwU gywó‡gq †Mvôxi nv‡Z Kzw¶MZ| RxweKvq‡bi mv‡_ e„nr Ask m¤ú„³ _vK‡jI RxweKvq‡bi aib wba©vib I wbqš¿‡b f~wg gvwjKivB g~L¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| miKvix chv©‡q RxweKvqb I f~wgi AwaKvi cÖwZôvi D‡Ï¨v‡Mi cvkvcvwk †emiKvwi ch©v‡q I wewfbœ Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| G mKj D‡`¨vM nvI‡ii Rxe‰ewPΨ iÿvq I †UKmB Dbœqb‡K ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q nvI‡ii f~wg (Rjvf~wgmn) AwaKvi iÿvi cvkvcvwk Rxebgv‡bi I Dbœqb NUv‡”Q|

evsjv‡`‡ki nvIivÂj

evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-c~ev©Â‡j wm‡jU wefv‡Mi wm‡jU, mybvgMÄ, †gŠjwfevRvi I nweMÄ †Rjvi mv‡_ XvKv wefv‡Mi wK‡kviMÄ, eªvþbevwoqv, †b·Kvbv †Rjvq nvIivÂj we¯Í…Z| 373 wU nvI‡ii AvqZb cÖvq 1.99 wgwjqb †n±i AÂj †hLv‡b cÖvq 19.37 wgwjqb gvby‡li emevm (Master Plan of Haor Area, Summary Report, 2012)| wewfbœ b`x, Lvj, wej I SiYv Øviv nvI‡ii f~wg cwi‡ew÷Z| fvi‡Zi mxgvšÍeZx© G A‡ji Avmvg, †gNvjq D”Pf’wg I e„wóeûj nevi `i“b nvI‡i eb¨v GLvbKvi wbqwgZ NUbv|

†Rjv	nvI‡ii msL¨v	†gvU GjvKv  (†n±i)	nvIivÂj  (†n±i)
mybvgMÄ	367,000	268,531	95
wm‡jU	349,000	189,909	fff 105
nweMÄ	263,700	109,514	14
†gŠjwfevRvi	279,900	47,602	3
†b·Kvbv	274,400	79,345	52
wK‡kviMÄ	273,100	133,943	97
eªvþbevwoqv	192,700	29,616	7

Master Plan of Haor Area, Summary Report, 2012

wm‡j‡Ui nvIivÂj

wm‡jU wefv‡Mi nvIivÂj †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ nvIiv‡ji †P‡q Rxe‰ewPΨ, cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek, cvwicvwk¦©K cwi‡ek I cÖwZ‡ek (fviZxq mxgvšÍeZx© nevi `i“b cvnvox Xj, evwj, cwj, cv_i, cvwbi cÖevn cÖf…wZ †ÿ‡Î wfbœZv †`Lv hvq)| mybvgMÄ †Rjvq Uv½yqvi nvIi, LiPvi nvIi, †mcwUi nvIi, kwbi nvIi, †`Lvi nvIi, †gŠjfxevRvi †Rjvq nvKvjywK, nvBj; nweMÄ †Rjvq gKvi nvIi, weivU nvIi wm‡jU †Rjvq evDievM nvIi, evjvB I cv_iPvIjx nvIi Ab¨vb¨ nvIo ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li RxweKvqb GmKj nvIi¸‡jv †K›`ª K‡iB cwiPvwjZ nq|

nvIivÂj gvby‡li m¤ú`

nvIiv‡ji nvIi, wej, b`x, Lvj grm¨ Avni‡Yi cÖavb Drm| cvnvox X‡j eb¨vi cvwbi mv‡_ e‡q Avmv cwj I ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡gi dm‡j Dw”Qóvsk, av‡bi Lo, AvMvQv, †QvU †QvU e„¶vw` c‡uP cÖvK…wZK mvi avb Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi K‡i| avb we‡kl K‡i †ev‡iv avb nvIov‡ji gvby‡li K…wli g~j Drcv`b kw³| eZ©gvb mg‡q wewfbœ miKvwi I †emiKvwi ch©v‡qi D‡`¨v‡Mi d‡j Rjvf~wgMy‡jv‡Z e¨vcK AvKv‡i nvum cvjb ïi“ n‡q‡Q, hv nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li RxweKvq ¸i“Z¡c~b© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|

Pvlvev‡`i Rb¨ AcÖZzj f~wg, †ewkifvM f~wg Lvm (miKvwi gvwjKvbv) nevi `i“b nvIiv‡ji Rjvf~wg mn f~wgi gvwjKvbv e¨vw³MZ ch©v‡q P‡j hv‡”Q A_ev miKvi n‡Z Pzw³wfwËK wjR †bqvq I e¨vw³gvwjKvbvq gvwjKvbv n¯ÍvšÍi nevi `i“b grm¨ AvniY I Pvlvev‡` ¯’vbxq †jvRK‡bi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi mxwgZ n‡q Avm‡Q|

nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li `wi`ªZv

cÖK…wZMZfv‡eB nvIivÂj wb¤œf~wg nevi `i“b eQ‡ii Qq gvm cvwbe× I eb¨vMÖ¯Í wn‡m‡e w`bvwbcvZ Ki‡Z nq| evwoi wfUv e¨ZxZ me mgZj f~wgB cvwbe× nevi `i“b †Kvb Pvlvev` Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î I †bŠKv cÖavb gva¨g| wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbm G A‡ji gvbyl‡`i Av‡M †_‡KB msi¶b K‡i ivL‡Z nq| ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡gi Drcvw`Z avb wewµ K‡i, Zv‡`i Ab¨vb¨ wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbm I Pvwn`v c~ib Ki‡Z nq| el©vi †k‡li w`‡K grm¨ AvniY Kiv n‡jI Rj gnv‡ji gvwjK, ga¨mË¡‡fvMx e¨emvqx‡`i `vc‡U Avw_©K ¯^”QjZvi gyL Zv‡`i †`Lv nq bv| ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g avb Pv‡l fvj djb nIqvi `i“b nvIiv‡ji gvbyl ¯^fveMZfv‡eB GKUz wejvm I Ajm cÖK…wZi nq| Avevi av‡bi Drcv`b LiP Abyhvqx bvh¨ `vg bv cvevi d‡j A‡b‡KB avb Drcv`‡b AvMÖnx n‡”Q bv| emev‡mi ¯’vb n‡Z Pv‡li Rwg `~‡i nevi `i“b Drcv`b mvgMÖx enb, Drcvw`Z dmj N‡i †Zvjvi †¶‡Î †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v I gva¨g mnRjf¨ bv nIqvq Drcv`‡b K…lKiv AvMÖn nvwi‡q †dj‡Q| N‡i mviv eQ‡ii Lvevi gRy` _vK‡j Zviv Avi Ab¨ ‡Kvb Drcv`bkxj Kv‡R m¤ú„³ n‡Z Pvq bv|nvIivÂj‡K ejv nq w¯’i `wi`ªcÖeY GjvKv| ejv n‡q _v‡K †h, nvI‡ii ‡gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 28% Pig `wi`ªmxgvq emevm K‡i| nvIiv‡ji `wi`ªZvi wbqvgK¸‡jv n‡”Q wb¤œiƒct 

 

(m~Ît Prance, G.T. 1997)

Lv`¨ wbivcËv

Lv`¨ wbivcËvi welqwU Lv`¨ gy‡j¨i Dci wbf©ikxj, GKBmv‡_ DcvR©b¶gZv I m¤ú©wKZ| nvIivÂj Pigfv‡e Lv`¨ msK‡Ui m¤§yLxb| Kvib G A‡ji gvbyl ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB wb¤œ Avq I mxwgZ Drcv`bkxj Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤ú„³ _vKvq wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ Pvwn`vi AwaKvskB c~ib Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| Achv©ß M„n¯’vjx Drcv`b, mxwgZ Lv`¨ mieivn I mnvqZv, RvZxq ch©v‡q Lv`¨ msMÖn I M„n¯’vjx ch©v‡q mieiv‡ni AcÖZzjZvi `i“b Lv`¨ msK‡Ui Ab¨Zg Kvib| we¯Íxb© nvIov‡j avb Pvl I grm¨ m¤ú‡`i cÖvPzh©Zv nvI‡ii Lv`¨ wbivcËvi cÖavb nvwZqvi| cvkvcvwk DPz Rwg¸‡jv‡Z Ab¨vb¨ dm‡ji Pvlvev` †hgb mwilv, Avjymn Ab¨vb¨ kvKmwâi Pvlvev‡`i my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| cwj mg„× G A‡ji gvwU K…wlKv‡Ri PvwjKvkw³| M„n¯’vjx chv©‡q wewfbœ mewR I nvum, gyiMx I cïcvjb nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li Lv`¨fvÛvi‡K AviI mg„× Ki‡Z cv‡i| Lv`¨ wbivcËvi cÖZ¨qMZ web¨v‡mi mv‡_ nvIiv‡ji ev¯Íe Ae¯’v‡K m¤úwK©Z Kiv hvq wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e:

Lv`¨ wbivcËv	(1) Lv‡`¨i ch©vßZv	1.1 m¤ú`	1.1.1 cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`
			1.1.2 ˆ`wnK m¤ú`
			1.1.3 gvbe m¤ú`
		1.2 Drcv`b	1.2.1 K…wlwfwËK
			1.2.2 A-K…wlwfwËK
	(2) Lv`¨ cÖvwß	2.1 Avq	2.1.1 K…wlwfwËK
			2.1.2 A-K…wlwfwËK
		2.2 †fvM	2.2.1 Lv`¨
			2.2.2 Lv`¨ bq Ggb
	(3) Lv‡`¨i e¨envi	3.1 ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó	3.1.1 cÖvß eq¯‹
			3.1.2 wkï

nvIiv‡ji RxweKvq‡b m¤¢vebvmg~n/†ÿÎmg~n

nvIov‡ji cÖvK…wZK I gvbe m¤ú‡`i myôz e›Ub I e¨env‡ii Dci RxweKvq‡bi m¤¢vebv wbf©i Ki‡Q| eb¨v wbqš¿b, ‡UKmB cwi‡ek, km¨ Drcv`b, grm¨ I cïm¤ú`, wk¶v we¯Ívi, ¯^v¯’¨e¨e¯’v, iv¯ÍvNvU wbg©vb, †bŠc_, cvwb I c‡qvwb®‹vkb, wkí, ebvqb, ch©Ub, LwbR m¤ú‡`i cÖvPzh©Zv cÖf…wZ m¤¢veb my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| FZzwfwËK ‰ewPΨ nvIiwfwËK ch©Ub wkí nvIiv‡ji Rxeb RxweKvq bZzb †gvo wb‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i| el©vKv‡j ‡bŠwenvi, ‡bŠKvevBP, grm¨‡gjvi Av‡qvRb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| kxZKv‡j AwZw_ cvwLi ch©‡e¶b, HwZn¨MZ dmj Drcv`b I gvovBwfwËK wewfbœ Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb nvIivÂj‡K ch©Ub AÂj wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ miKvwi D‡Ï¨v‡Mi cvkvcvwk †emiKvwi I e¨vw³MZ D‡`¨vM I we‡kl Ri“ix| nvIiv‡ji bvix‡`i wewfbœ cÖwk¶‡bi gva¨‡g Drcv`bkxj Kv‡R m¤ú„³ K‡i RxweKvq‡bi m¤¢vebvi bZzb Øvi D‡b¥vPb Kiv m¤¢e|

K…wlwfwËK m¤¢vebvmg~n:

-          gvQ aiv (grm Avnib)

-          †cvjwUª (nuvm cvjb)

-          QvMj cvjb

-          gv‡Qi †cvbv Drcv`b

-          Mvfx cvjb I Mi“i gvsm wewµi Dc‡hvMx Kib

-          ïUKx cÖwµqvRvZKiY I evRviRvZ KiY

-          fvmgvb me&wR Pvl

A-K…wlwfwËK m¤¢vebvmg~n

-          ¶z`ª e¨emv

-          e¯¿ eqb I eybb

-          n¯Í wkí

-          wf‡bMvi ˆZix ev me&wR msi¶b

-          Rwi-PzgwKi KvR

-          †gvevBj †dvb e¨emv

-          ch©Ub

nvIiv‡ji RxweKvq‡bi SzuwKmg~n

ejv n‡q _v‡K †h, evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 25,000 wK‡jvwgUvi b`xc_ i‡q‡Q| G mKj b`xc_ I Ab¨vb¨ Rjvavi (wej, nvIi-evIi) G evwl©K cÖvq 1.4 wgwjqb Ub gvQ Drcv`b m¤¢e| wKš‘ AvaywbK cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i cÖvq 2 wgwjqb Ub gvQ Drcv`b m¤¢e (evivKvZ, 2007)| AwaK nv‡i eb¨v, cwj gvwU fwZ©mn Ab¨vb¨ cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Y nvI‡ii ¯^vfvweK RxebhvÎvi A‡bK SzuwK i‡q‡Q| A‡bK nvIi ky®‹ †gŠmy‡g ïwK‡q hvq ev †mLvbKvi cvwb K‡g hvq| evsjv‡`‡k µg ea©gvb GKUv cÖeYZv i‡q‡Q †h, G mKj RvqMvq avb Avev` ïi“ n‡q hvq| Avgv‡`i GUv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, avb Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ Rwg evwo‡q me mgm¨vi mgvavb m¤¢e bq| eis GUv Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨v, †hgb- cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ webó, ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi Kg †cÖvwUb MÖnY cÖf…wZmn A‡bK mgm¨v ˆZix Ki‡Z cv‡i|     

(  K)   AwaK nv‡i eb¨vi cÖv`yf©ve: nvIivÂj †ewki fvM mg‡qB cvwb †ewóZ _v‡K| wKš‘ el©vKv‡j, GgbwK †Kvb †Kvb mgq MÖx®§Kv‡jI AKvj eb¨vi Kvi‡Y gvbyl Zv‡`i cÖZ¨vwkZ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| AwZ e„wó ev cvnvox X‡ji Kvi‡Y gvby‡li Drcv`b I Ab¨vb¨ ˆ`bw›`b Kvh©µg e¨vnZ nq|

(  L)   el©vKv‡j PjvP‡ji Amyweav: nvIi A‡j Ggwb‡ZB PjvPj Dc‡hvMx iv¯Ív _v‡K bv| GKgvΠﮋ †gŠmyg Qvov Ab¨ mg‡q PjvP‡ji Amyweav nq| Ab¨‡`i Zzjbvq bvix I wkï‡`i PjvP‡ji †ewk Amyweav nq|

(  M)   km¨ Drcv`‡bi mxwgZ my‡hvM: wewfbœ miKvwi-‡emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡Mi Kvi‡Y nvIiv‡j km¨ Drcv`‡bi my‡hvM ˆZix n‡jI Dchy³ Rwg bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y km¨ Drcv`‡bi mxwgZ my‡hvM †`Lv hvq| gvby‡li wb‡R‡`i Rwg bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y Ges Rwg cÖ¯‘Z bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y km¨ Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq|  

(  N)   ﮋ †gŠmy‡g †m‡Pi AcÖZzjZv: G K_v mZ¨ †h, nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li Pvicv‡k cÖPzi cvwb _vK‡jI ﮋ †gŠmy‡g Zviv †m‡Pi cvwbi Rb¨ Amyweavq cwZZ nq| ﮋ †gŠmy‡g nvIi A‡j cvk¦eZ©x †h Rwg _v‡K, Zv‡Z †m‡Pi cvwb cvIqv hvq bv| GLv‡b cvwb wb‡q ivRbxwZi welqUv‡K we‡ePbv ivLv †h‡Z hv‡K GKv‡WwgKfv‡e Kvj© ûBU‡dvMv‡ji fvlvq ÔcÖv‡P¨i ˆ¯^iZš¿Õ wnmv‡e AwfwnZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

(   O)    jebv³Zv †e‡o hvIqv: elv©Kv‡j nvIiv‡j eb¨v, e„wó I cvnvox X‡ji Kvi‡Y wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K cvwb G‡m Rgv nq| cvwbi mv‡_ Avmv jeY nvIiv‡ji w¯’i cvwb‡Z je‡Yi cwigvY evwo‡q †`q| ﮋ †gŠmy‡g †h mg‡q km¨ Drcv`b Kivi K_v †m mgq G Kvi‡Y AwaK cwigvY km¨ Drcvw`Z nq bv| G‡Z GZ`&‡ji †jv‡Ki Lv`¨ NvUwZ †`Lv †`q|

(  P)    Rjve×Zv: Rjve×Zv nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li Ab¨Zg cÖavb mgm¨v| wK kxZ, wK el©v- mKj mgq-B nvIiv‡j Rjve×Zv _v‡K| el©vKv‡j _v‡K AwaK cvwb Avi ﮋ †gŠmy‡g _v‡K Kg cvwb| G‡Z nvIiv‡ji evwm›`v‡`i PjvPj msKzwPZ n‡q c‡o, m¨vwb‡Ukb e¨e¯’v e¨vnZ nq| Avi Gi mv‡_ bvbvwea mgm¨v †Zv Av‡Q-B|

(   Q)    †aŠZKib I †Mvm‡ji Acwi”Qbœ myweav: gvby‡li cwi‡aq e¯¿ cwi®‹vi Kiv I wbqwgZ †Mvmj Kiv cwi”QbœZvi Acwinvh© A½| wKš‘ nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li GB myweavwU †bB ej‡jB P‡j| †Lvjv cvwb‡Z (mvavibZ. †bvsiv cvwb) †Mvmj Kivi Kvi‡Y A‡b‡Ki wewfbœ †ivM-e¨vwa †`Lv †`q| Avi, bvix‡`i †Mvmj Kivi cwi‡ek GK`g †bB ej‡jB P‡j|

nvIiv‡ji Rxebe¨e¯’v cÖwZwbqZ SuzwKi m¤§yLxb nq| SuzwKi aib I GKB mv‡_ bZzb I wec¾bKfv‡e AvewZ©Z n‡”Q| fvi‡Zi me©vwaK e„wóeûj GjvKv †PivcywÄ I Ab¨vb¨ cvnvox  ivR¨mg~n I wm‡jU wefv‡Mi G mKj nvI‡ii cvkvcvwk Ae¯’vb| cÖK…wZMZ wbq‡gB fviZxq iv‡R¨mg~‡ni cÖej e„wói cvwb cvnvwo Sb©v, Lvj I b`x c‡_i gva¨‡g GmKj nvI‡i G‡m c‡o| dj¯^iƒc, cvnvox X‡ji mv‡_ cv_i, evwj I cwj e‡q G‡m I AKvj eb¨v, Rjve×Zv, b`x I Lvj fivU n‡q nvI‡ii cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g evauv I ûgwKi m„wó Ki‡Q| GKB mv‡_ wewfbœ miKvwi I †emiKvwi ch©v‡q AcwiKwíZfv‡e dmj i¶v euva ˆZwi K‡i I nvI‡ii cÖvK„wZK wbq‡g e¨vNvZ m„wó Ki‡Q| Gi d‡j nvIiv‡ji Rxeb RxweKvq SuzwK mg~n †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| D‡j­L¨ †h, fvi‡Zi wewfbœ cvnvox A‡j ivevi I Pv evMv‡bi cvkvcvwk evsjv‡`‡kI ivmvqwbK mvi, KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii d‡j e„wói cvwbi gva¨‡g Zv nvI‡ii cvwb‡Z wgk‡Q| d‡j nvI‡ii grm¨ m¤ú` gvivZœK SuzwKi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q|

nvIivÂj‡K wb‡q wewfbœ D‡`¨vM

nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li Rxebgvb DbœqbK‡í evsjv‡`‡k miKvix †emiKvwi ch©v‡q wewfbœ Kg©m~wP †bqv n‡q‡Q, eZ©gv‡bI †bqv n‡”Q| G mKj D‡`¨vM gvby‡li Rxebgvb‡K bZzb D”PZvq wb‡q †h‡Z cvi‡jI gvbyl Avkvi Av‡jv †`L‡Q| wewfbœ Avq e„w×Kvwi cÖKí QvovI m‡PZbvqb Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g gvby‡li AšÍf©~w³ †`‡L G K_v AšÍZ. ejv hvq †h, gvby‡li Rxeb iƒcvšÍwiZ bv n‡jI GKUv cwieZ©‡bi Bw½Z G mKj Kg©m~wP wb‡q G‡m‡Q|

†emiKvix D‡`¨vM

wewfbœ Drm n‡Z Rvbv hvq, †emiKvwi AmsL¨ D‡`¨vM nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li Rxeb-gvb Dbœq‡b †bqv n‡q‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg K‡qKwU n‡”Q:

    1) International Union for Conservation of Nature

(   2)  Center for Natural Resource Studies

(   3)Bangladesh Resource Centre for Indigenous Knowledge

(   4)  Action Aid Bangladesh

(      5) Oxfam GB

(   6)   Concern Universal

(  7)   Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

(  8)   United Nations Development Program

(  9)   Department for International Development

( 10)Voluntary Association for Rural Development (VARD)

( 11) Institute of Development Affairs

Ges Ab¨vb¨|

miKvix D‡`¨vM

†h †Kvb miKvwi D‡`¨v‡Mi c~‡e© iv‡óªi bxwZgvjv Acwinvh©| nvIi Z_v nvIievmxi Rxebgvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ 1977 mv‡j ÔnvIi Dbœqb †evW©Õ MwVZ n‡jI 1982 mv‡j Zv wejyß Kiv nq| Avevi 2000 mv‡j cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvjq †`‡ki mKj nvIi I Rjvf~wg mgwš^Zfv‡e Dbœqb I e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ Ôevsjv‡`k nvIi I Rjvf~wg Dbœqb †evW©Õ MVb Kiv nq| G †ev‡W©i cÖavb PviwU Kv‡Ri †¶Î n‡”Q-

K. †evW© nvIi I Rjvf~wgi mvgwMÖK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mswkøó ms¯’v I gš¿Yvjq‡K mgš^q Ki‡e Ges GKwU mgwš^Z gv÷vi cøvb ˆZix Ki‡e|

L. ¯’vbxq Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K wKQz cÖKí MÖnb Ges Zv h_vh_ gš¿Yvjq ev ms¯’v Øviv ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e|

M. †evW© nvIi GjvKvq wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq cÖKí cwiexÿb I ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© †`‡e|

N. mswk­ó Kvh©vejx MÖnb Kivi Rb¨ †h †Kvb cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖnb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

evsjv‡`‡k †`Lv hvq, nvIi msµvšÍ wewfbœ AvBb I bxwZgvjv‡K wbw`©ó Ki‡Z †M‡j Gi g‡a¨ A‡bK bxwZgvjv‡K we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z nq| Ges G‡Z gv‡S gv‡S mvsNwl©K cwiw¯’wZi ‰Zix nq| nvIi I Rjvf~wg mswk­ó RvZxq bxwZgvjvi †fZi RvZxq K…wlbxwZ (1999), RvZxq exR bxwZ I exR msµvšÍ AvBb I wewa (1993), RvZxq cvwb bxwZ (1999), RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨ bxwZ (2000), RvZxq ch©Ub bxwZgvjv (1992), cwi‡ek msi¶Y wewa gvjv (1997), evsjv‡`k cwi‡ek msi¶Y AvBb (1995), eb AvBb (1927), mvgvwRK eb wewagvjv (2000), ivóªxq AwaMÖnY I cÖRv¯^Ë¡ AvBb (1950), Lvj AvBb (1864), †mP AvBb (1876), miKvwi grm‡¶Î (msi¶Y) Aa¨v‡`k (1959), cwi‡ek `~lY wbqš¿b Aa¨v‡`k (1977), Af¨šÍwib †bŠ-cwienb Aa¨v‡`k (1976), Af¨šÍwib †bŠ cwienb KZ…©c¶ Aa¨v‡`k (1958), f~wg ms¯‹vi †evW© AvBb (1989), K…wl welqK KxUbvkK Aa¨v‡`k (1971), f~wg ms¯‹vi Aa¨v‡`k (1984), cyKzi Dbœqb AvBb (1939), AK…wl cÖRvmË¡ AvBb (1947), bZzb K…wl m¤úªmviY bxwZ (1996), evsjv‡`k f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv g¨vby‡qj (1990), cvwb m¤ú` cwiKíbv AvBb (1995 mv‡ji 12 bs AvBbmn) A‡bK AvBb I bxwZgvjvq nvIi m¤ú` i¶Yv‡e¶‡Y I gvby‡li e¨e¯’vcbvi K_v e‡j‡Q| hw`I A‡bK mgq cÖkœ DÌvwcZ nq †h, G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mgš^qnxbZv i‡q‡Q|  

    

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ (1999) Gi 4.13 bs Aby‡”Q‡` eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q, nvIo, evIo I wej RvZxq Rjvf~wg¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki AvÂwjK ‰ewk‡ó¨I aviK Ges GK Abb¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`| miKvi g‡b K‡i †h, eR¨© †kvab, f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi cyb©fib, me RjR I RjPi cÖvYx I Z…‡Yi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Ges m‡ev©cwi cwi‡e‡ki ¯^vfvweK fvimvg¨ wbwðZ Ki‡Z, Rjvkq¸‡jvi ïay msi¶YB bq, Dciš‘ Dbœqb cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z G¸‡jv‡K AvK©lYxq ch©Ub †K‡›`ª iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq| G‡¶‡Î miKv‡ii bxwZ n‡”Q:

1. mvaviYZ RjR cwi‡ek i¶v Ges wb®‹vk‡bi myweav‡_© nvIo, evIo I wej RvZxq cÖvK…wZK Rjvkq msi¶Y |
2. nvIo GjvKvq Rjxq ‰ewkó¨ AwewNœZ †i‡L cvwb mswk­ó cÖKí MÖnb|
3. kxZKv‡j †h nvIo ïwK‡q hvq †m¸‡jv‡Z ﮋ †gŠmy‡g K…wl Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ c`‡¶c †bqv|
4. G mg¯Í Rjvk‡q grm¨ Drcv`b e„w×I j‡¶¨ mgwš^Z cÖKí MÖnY|
5. we‡bv`b Ges ch©Ub AvKl‡©Yi Rb¨ Rjvkq ¸wj‡Z Dbœq‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnb|

miKvwi Rjgnvj e¨e¯’vcbv bxwZ (2009) Abymv‡i, Rjgnvj Ggb Rjvkq‡K eySv‡e †hLv‡b eQ‡ii GKwU mgq ev mviv eQi RjgMœ _v‡K Ges hv nvIi, evIi, wej, wSj, cyKzi, †Wvev, n«`, `xwN, Lvj, b`x, mvMi BZ¨vw` bv‡g cwiwPZ| GLv‡b AviI ejv n‡q‡Q, 20 GKi ch©šÍ mKj e× miKvwi Rjgnvjmg~n BRvivi †gqv` †kl n‡j Ab¨vb¨ Rjgnv‡ji gZ BRviv e‡›`ve¯Í cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e, Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î hye grmRxwe‡`i (18-35 ermi ch©šÍ) wbewÜZ mwgwZ AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e| G mKj KvR mgvavb Kivi Rb¨ Dc‡Rjv, †Rjv I RvZxq ch©v‡q Rjgnvj e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwU KvR Ki‡e|

RvZxq f~wg e¨envi bxwZ (2001) Gi A‡bK¸‡jv D‡Ï‡k¨i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡”Q- f~wgnxb‡`i c~Ye©vm‡bi j‡¶¨ cÖvK…wZK cÖwµqvq b`x, nvIi ev mgy`ªe‡¶ †R‡M DVv Pif~wgi m‡e©vËg e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv| D³ bxwZ‡Z f~wgi aiY wPwýZ K‡i †Rvwbs Gi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| nvIi m¤úwK©Z Dcavivq (17.15) ejv n‡q‡Q, we`¨gvb Rjvkq Db¥y³ ivL‡Z n‡e Ges Zv fivU Kiv hv‡e bv| G `vwqZ¡ e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb †QvU cyKz‡ii †¶‡Î mswk­ó gvwj‡Ki Dci Ges e„nr Rjvkq †hgb- b`x, Lvj, nvIo-evIo I wej Gi `vwqZ¡ mswk­ó e¨enviKvix Rb‡Mvôx I miKv‡ii Dci b¨¯Í _vK‡e| G D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ Rjvkqmg~‡ni wbqwgZ ms¯‹vi I cybtLbb cÖ‡qvRb n‡e|

nvIi m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ bxwZ I AvB‡bi `~e©jZv KvUv‡bvi j‡¶¨ Ges GKB mv‡_ nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li mgwš^Z Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ 2012 mv‡j ÔnvIi GKkb c­¨vbÕ cÖYxZ nq| G‡Z cÖvq nvIi m¤úwK©Z mgmvgwqK mKj bxwZgvjv‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q wZb av‡c (¯^í †gqv‡`, 2012/13-2016/17; ga¨ †gqv‡`, 2017/18-2021/22 Ges `xN© †gqv‡`, 2022/23-2031/32) cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi D‡j­L Kiv nq| Gi QqwU mywbw`©ó j¶¨ n‡”Q-

     1.A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb 

      2.Lv`¨ wbivcËv

3      3.RbM‡Yi Rxebgv‡bi DbœwZ

4    4. `vwi`ª we‡gvPb

5   5.  Rb¯^v¯’¨ I wbivcËv

6   6. cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek iÿv

D³ cwiKíbvq nvIiv‡ji mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Drcv`bkxj I †mevg~jK †cÖw¶‡Zi cvkvcvwk Rjevqy cwieZ©b‡K we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ges Dc‡iv³ j‡¶¨i mv‡_ mgš^q †i‡L Dbœqb †¶Îmg~n wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

†KŠkjMZ †ÿÎ	m¤úwK©Z Dbœqb †ÿÎ
A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb	cvwb m¤ú`
Lv`¨ wbivcËv	K…wl, grm, cïcvjb
RbM‡Yi Rxebgv‡bi DbœwZ	Rxe‰ewPÎ I Rjvavi e¨e¯’vcbv Ges ebvÂj
`vwi`ª we‡gvPb	wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨, cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Ukb, Ni-evwo I evm¯’vb, mvgvwRK †mev I myweav
Rb¯^v¯’¨ I wbivcËv	hvbevnb, †hvMv‡hvM Ges ch©Ub myweav
cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek iÿv	wkí, R¡vjvbx I LwbR m¤ú`

D³ cwiKíbvq ev¯ÍevqbKvwi ms¯’v I gš¿Yvj‡qi bvg, cÖKímg~n, g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv, ev‡RU eivÏmn Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©Ki Kg©Kv‡Ûi D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv mwVKfv‡e ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e n‡j nvIievwmi Rxebavi‡Yi AwbðqZv I SzuwK A‡bKvs‡k n«vm cv‡e| †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î `~ixf~Z n‡e|

nvIiv‡ji †UKmB Dbœqb

nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li †UKmB Dbœqb Kxfv‡e NUv‡bv m¤¢e, †mUv wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv GB ¯^í cwim‡i m¤¢e bv n‡jI GUv ejv hvq †h, GKgvÎ mgwš^Z D‡`¨vM cv‡i gvby‡li AwbðqZvi Aemvb NUv‡Z| Aemvb bv NUv‡Z cvi‡jI gvby‡li Rxe‡bi SzuwK n«vm Ki‡Z cv‡i| wRqvb (2000:173-6) wewfbœ ms¯‹…wZi gvby‡li †UKmB Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †h Pvi ai‡bi †cÖ¶vcU D‡jøL K‡ib, †mUv‡K nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li †UKmB Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e m¤úwK©Z Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

(K) gvbyl KLbI cÖK…wZ †_‡K wew”Qbœ †Kvb Dcv`vb bq| Zv‡`i mv‡_ Ab¨ cÖvYx, AÂj I GjvKvi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| cÖK…wZi mv‡_ gvby‡li m¤úK©‡K wb‡`©kbv †`qvi Rb¨ cÖZxwK Dcv`vb (Symbolic dimension )i‡q‡Q| nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li cÖZxwK Dcv`vb‡K wPwýZ K‡i Zvi mgš^q NUv‡Z n‡e|

(L) mKj gvby‡li GKUv m¤úª`vqMZ RxebhvÎv Ges ˆbwZKZvi gvb`Û (Community Life and code of ethics ) i‡q‡Q| nvIiv‡ji gvbyl Kxfv‡e GKUv wRwbm †fvM K‡i, Kx †fvM K‡i, Kx aviY K‡i A_ev Kx c~b.Drcv`b K‡i- †UKmB Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î GKUv eo welq| GLv‡b wk¶v I mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡cw¶KZv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

(M) nvIiv‡ji †UKmB Dbœq‡b Av‡iKUv eo w`K n‡”Q ivR‰bwZK †cÖ¶vcU (Political dimension )| Gi A_© n‡”Q, ¯^í I `xN© †gqv‡` bxwZ¸‡jv †Kvb cÖwµqvq ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q| nvIiv‡ji gvbe m¤ú` I Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú`‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q †UKmB Dcv‡q G¸‡jvi e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| G cÖwµqvq ms¯‹…wZi cÖvwZôvwbK PP©v, cÖZxK, g~j¨‡eva I Ab¨vb¨ cÖZxKxq Dcv`vb‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e hv †UKmB e¨e¯’v‡K mg_©b K‡i|

(N) nvIiv‡ji †UKmB Dbœq‡b m‡e©vcwi cÖ‡qvRb ˆewk¦K I AvšÍR©vwZK mn‡hvMxZv (Cooperation dimension)| mKj gvbyl I cÖvK…wZK Dcv`v‡bi AvšÍ.m¤úK© †UKmB Dbœqb‡K Z¡ivwY¦Z Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi gva¨‡g †Kvb wbw`©ó †fŠMwjK GjvKv bq, eis mKj A‡ji Dbœqb m¤¢e|

 mycvwikgvjv

nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li `y`©kv Kgv‡bvi j‡¶¨ wewfbœ †jLv‡jwL‡Z A‡bK mycvwikgvjv †`Lv hvq| Z‡e mycvwikgvjvi Av‡jv‡K AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb GKUv eo welq| nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li Rxeb-RxweKvi g‡a¨ GjvKv †f‡` Lye GKUv cv_©K¨ cwijwÿZ nq bv weavq welqwfwËK ( †hgb, wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨ ev m¨vwb‡Ukb msµvšÍ) A‡bK mycvwik cÖ`vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡Yi mycvwikgvjv M‡elYvwfwËK n‡j Dchy³Zv cvIqvi `vex iv‡L| Z`ycwi, gvby‡li Rxebgvb DbœqbK‡í wKQz mycvwik cÖ`vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:

•      nvIiv‡ji evwm›`v‡`i g‡a¨ Lvm Rwgi mwVK e›Ub/e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

•      evwm›`v‡`i g‡a¨ weKí Lv`¨vfvm M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e|

•      cvnvwo X‡j nvIiv‡j A‡bK ¶q-¶wZ nq| ZvB ÿwZ Kgv‡bvi j‡¶¨ cvnvwo Xj c~e©eZ©x ms‡KZ cÖ`vb Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e|

•      DcwifvM k³ Ggb iv¯ÍvNvU nvIiv‡j M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e hv‡Z dmj cwienb `ª“ZZi nq|

•       Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y A‡bK nvIievmx Zv‡`i m¤ú` †hgb, Mevw`cï wewµ K‡i| G †¶‡Î ‡mUv cywl‡q †bqvi Rb¨     m¤ú`  n¯ÍvšÍi e¨e¯’v Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e|

•     m¤ú` n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii cvkvcvwk bM` A‡_©iI ms¯’vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i hv‡Z Awaevmxiv PµvKvi SzuwK‡Z bv c‡o|

•      miKv‡ii Lvm Rwg e›Ub, K…wl I cvwb m¤ú` e¨e¯’vcbv‡K mgwš^Z K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq D‡`¨vM MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e|

•      AvaywbK cÖhyw³i e¨envi Kivi Kvi‡Y nvIivÂj †_‡K †hb †`wkq dm‡ji ˆewPÎ nvwi‡q bv hvq, †m e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|

•    f~wgi eûgvwÎK Kv‡Ri my‡hvM ˆZix I gvby‡li AvqeaŸ©K Kv‡Ri my‡hvM m„wó Kiv|

•     cwi‡ek I cÖwZ‡ekevÜe K…wl I grm¨ cÖhyw³i D™¢veb I mnRjf¨ Kiv|

•     nvIiv‡j wkÿvi Rb¨ c„_K K¨v‡jÛvi, cvV¨µg cÖYqb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

•      cÖvK…wZK `~‡h©v‡Mi mgq nvIiv‡ji bvix I wkïiv me‡P‡q ‡ewk SzuwK‡Z _v‡K| G †ÿ‡Î bvix I wkïevÜe cwi‡ek wbwðZKi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e|

•      nvIiv‡ji Rb¨ RvZxq I AvÂwjK ch©v‡q †dvKvj c‡q›U ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e|

•      miKvwi - †emiKvwi I Ab¨vb¨ msMV‡bi mn‡hvMxZvg~jK m¤ú‡K©i ev¯Íevqb nvIiv‡ji gvby‡li Rb¨ dj`vqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|

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Z_¨ Drmt

Ahmed, Ahsn Uddin. 2006. Bangladesh: Climate Change impacts and Vulnerability-A synthesis” Dhaka: GoB, MoEF, Department of Environment, Climate change cell (July).

Rana, P.M, Islam, S.S.M., Akter,.S., Alam, S.M. 2009. Haor based livelihood decency of a rural community: A study on Hakaluki haor in Bangladesh. Proc. Pakistan Acad. Sci. 47(1). pp. 10.

Babe, r. (1997), “understanding the cultural ecology model”, en D. cliche (ed.), Cultural Ecology.

The Changing Dinamics of Communications, iic, londres.

Xian, g. (2000), “culture and Development: a sustainable world in the twenty First century”,

Culture and Development vs Cultural Development, imo, special issue, Zagreb.

Abul Barkat, Rowshan Ara, M. Taheruddin, Saiful Hoque, Nazrul Islam, Towards a Feasible Land Use

Policy of Bangladesh, Human Development Research Centre (HDRC), 2007, Dhaka

CCC, 2009. Adaptive Crop Agriculture Including Innovative Farming Practices in Haor Basin.

Climate Change Cell, DoE, MoEF; Component 4b, CDMP, MoFDM. June 2009, Dhaka.

Prance, G.T. 1997. Plant diversity and conservation. In: Souvenir, 9th Biennial Botanical Conference, 1996, Bangladesh Botanical Society,pp.29-38.

Master Plan of Haor Area, Summary Report Vol. 1., 2012

nvIo K…wlcÖvY‰ewPΨ i¶vq Rb`wjj; K…wl, cªK…wZ, cwi‡ek, ms¯‹…wZ, bxwZgvjv I A_©‰bwZK bvh¨Zv welqK Rbmgx¶v, eviwmK, 2007|

DwÏb. †gvt myevm, (2007) mybvgM‡Äi †jvKms¯‹…wZ; K…wl I K…lK mgvR, eviwmK|

Rjevqy cwieZ©b †jvKvqZ Ávb I Awf‡hvRb, (2007), eviwmK|

একশনএইড বাংলাদেশ ৩০ বছর পুর্তি অনুষ্টান

URL

https://web.archive.org/web/20071012152320/http://www.concern.net/docs/casestudies

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haor

http://www.nfpcsp.org/agridrupal/content/food-security-strategies-people-living-haor-areas-status-and-prospects

http://www.unnayan.org/reports/PovertyandFoodSecurity.pdf

http://www.nfpcsp.org/agridrupal/sites/default/files/Final_Technical_Report_Kazal.pdf